2011/12/13
KING MOB-en textuak eta obra
Imaginaos a un sonriente Santa Claus repartiendo regalos a las puertas de un centro comercial. Ahora pensad que, junto a los regalos, entrega unos horribles panfletos en los que incita a quemar Oxford Street para luego bailar alrededor del fuego. No obstante, lo mejor es el final: los atónitos rostros de los niños que observan como su Santa Claus es detenido bruscamente por varios policías…
Sin King Mob pocas cosas podrían entenderse: el underground inglés de finales de los sesenta, la contracultura, el fenómeno prosituacionista, la más gamberra de las experiencias que defendiera “cerrar las escuelas de bellas artes”, la aparición de personajes como Malcom McLaren o el discurso terrorista de Sex Pistols e, inclusive, el final del postromanticismo inglés con la poesía hiperrealista de la Angry Brigade. Nunca antes se han conocido en castellano sus seductores textos cuya rotunda fuerza carece de límites. Para esta edición, se ha contado con la colaboración de Stuart & Dave Wise, antiguos miembros de King Mob, quienes han escrito un brillante texto acerca de su experiencia. Igualmente, la obra es una auténtica expresión de lo que fue buena parte de la contracultura inglesa y de cómo, en cierta medida, el legado de la crítica contra el arte y la sociedad contemporánea de King Mob se mantiene hasta nuestros días. En este sentido, también se incluyen textos de Mick Farren & International Times, Angry Brigade, Stewart Home o de la Sección Inglesa de la Internacional Situacionista.
KING MOB
KING MOB
King Mob was a radical group endeavouring to contribute to worldwide proletarian social revolution, based in London during the 1970s.
It was a cultural mutation of the Situacionist and the anarchist group Motherfuckers. They sought to emphasize the cultural anarchy and disorder being ignored in Britain. They derived their name from Christopher Hibbert's 1958 book on the Gordon Riots of June 1780, in which rioters daubed the slogan "His Majesty King Mob"' on the walls of Newgate prison, after gutting the building.
Actions
King Mob appreciated pop culture and distributed their ideas and political ideas through various posters and through their publication King Mob Echo, which provoked reaction by celebrating killers like Jack the Ripper, Mary Bell, and John Christie. One flyer in particular celebrated Valerie Solanas' 1968 shooting of Andy Warhol and included a hit-list of: Yoko Ono, Mick Jagger, Bob Dylan, Rich Hamilton,Mario Amaya(who was also shot by Solanas),David Hockney, Mary Quant, Twiggy, Marianne Faithfull, and IT editor Barry Miles.
The King Mob group allegedly planned a series of audacious actions, including blowing up a waterfall in England's Lake District, painting the poet Wordsworth´s house with the words "Coleridge Lives", and hanging peacocks in London's Holland Park. However, none of the aforementioned plans were executed. An action that was carried out, inspired by the New York-based Black Mask's "mill-in at Macy´s", involved King Mob appearing at the Selfridges store in London, with one member, dressed as Father Christmas, attempting to distribute all of the store's toys to children. Members of the London constabulary subsequently forced the children to return the toys.
Graffiti
Graffiti attributed to King Mob was observed in many places particularly in the Nothing Hill area, including, "I don't believe in nothing - I feel like they ought to burn down the world - just let it burn down baby"
The most celebrated graffito attributed to King Mob was the slogan which was painted along a half-mile section of the wall beside the tube(railway) commuter route into London between Ladbrole Grove and Westbourne Park stations in west London:
Same thing day after day- tube - work - dinner - work - tube - armchair - TV - sleep - tube - work -how much more can you take? - one in ten go mad, one in five cracks up
King Mob was also responsible for various attacks on art galleries and for organizing a battle between local skinheads(whom they considered to be "the working class avant-garde") and greasers in central London.
One of King Mob's early actions included Malcom McLaren who reputably applied their situacionist ideals towards the promotion of the Sex Pistols.
References in popular culture
The "Mask of King Mob" can be seen in the background of the comic book Watchmen, written by Alan Moore. It is in what appears to be a trophy room of the Minutemen, noticeable during the infamous scene where The Comedian tries to rape the original Silk Specter.
A protagonist in the comic book series The Invisibles(authored by Grant Morrison) is named "King Mob". The Invisibles is organized anti-hierarchically, and is dedicated to defeating a global conspiracy which deceives and preys upon the world's population. The character "King Mob" describes himself as an anarchist.
There is an independent film company called Kings Mob Productions.
La grafica en el movimiento situacionista
Political Period (1963-1968) IS
Political Period (1963-1968)
By this point the Situationist International consisted almost exclusively of the Franco-Belgian section, led by Guy Debord and Raoul Vaneigem, with some exceptions, such as Danish artist and author Asger Jorn. These members possessed much more of a tendency towards political theory over the more artistic aspects of the SI. The shift in the intellectual priorities within the SI resulted in more focus on the theoretical, such as the theory of the espectacle and Marxist critical analysis, spending much less time on the more artistic and tangible concepts like unitary urbanism,détournement, and situgraphy.
During this period the SI began having more and more influence on local university students in France. Taking advantage of the apathy of their colleagues, five "Pro-situs", situationist-influenced students, infiltrated the Universyty of Strasbourg's student union in November 1966 and began scandalising the authorities. Their first action was to form an "anarchist appreciation society" called The Society for the Rehabilitation for Karl Marx and Ravachol; next they appropriated union funds to flypost "Return of the Durruti Colum", Andre Bertrands détourned comic strip. They then invited the situationists to contribute a critique of the University of Strasbourg, and On the Poverty of student life, written by Tunisian situationist was the result. The students promptly proceeded to print 10,000 copies of the pamphlet using university funds and distributed them during a ceremony marking the beginning of the academic year. This provoked an immediate outcry in the local, national and international media.
May Events (1968)
May 1968 France
The Situationists played a preponderant role in the May 1968 uprisings, and to some extent their political perspective and ideas fueled such crisis,providing a central theoretic foundation.While the SI's member count had been steadily falling for the preceding several years, the ones that remained were able to fill revolutionary roles for which they had patiently anticipated and prepared for. The active ideologists (“enragés” and Situationists) behind the revolutionary events in Strasbourg, Nanterre and Paris, numbered only about one or two dozen persons.
This has now been widely acknowledged as a fact by studies of the period,what is still wide open to interpretation is the "how and why" that happened. Charles De Gaulle, in the aftermath televised speech of June 7, acknowledged that "This explosion was provoked by groups in revolt against modern consumer and technical society, whether it be the communism of the East or the capitalism of the West."
They also made up the majority in the Occupation committee of the Sorbone. An important event leading up to May 1968 was the scandal in Strasbourg in December 1966.The Union Nationale des Étudiants de France declared itself in favor of the SI's theses, and managed to use public funds to publish ,Mustapha Khayati's pamphlet On the Poverty of students life.Thousands of copies of the pamphlet were printed and circulated and helped to make the Situationists well known throughout the nonstalinist left.
Quotations from two key situationist books, Debord's The society of the espectacle(1967) and Khayati's On the Poverty of Student Life (1966), were written on the walls of Paris and several provincial cities.This was documented in the collection of photographs published in 1968 by Walter Lewino, L'immagination au pouvoir.
Those who followed the "artistic" view of the SI might view the evolution of the SI as producing a more boring or dogmatic organization.Those following the political view would see the May 1968 uprisings as a logical outcome of the SI's dialectical approach: while savaging present day society, they sought a revolutionary society which would embody the positive tendencies of capitalist development. The "realization and suppression of art" is simply the most developed of the many dialectical supersessions which the SI sought over the years. For the Situationist International of 1968, the world triumph of workers councils would bring about all these supersessions.
Though the SI were a very small group, they were expert self-propagandists, and their slogans appeared daubed on walls throughout Paris at the time of the revolt. SI member Rene Vienet's 1968 book Enragés and Situationists in the Occupations Movement, France, May '68 gives an account of the involvement of the SI with the student group of Enragés and the occupation of the Sorbonne.
The occupations of 1968 started at the University of Nanterre and spread to the Sorbonne. The police tried to take back the Sorbonne and a riot ensued. Following this a general strike was declared with up to 10 million workers participating. The SI originally participated in the Sorbonne occupations and defended barricades in the riots. The SI distributed calls for the occupation of factories and the formation of workers council, but, disillusioned with the students, left the university to set up The council For The Maintenance Of The Occupations (CMDO) which distributed the SI’s demands on a much wider scale. After the end of the movement, the CMDO disbanded.
Internacional Situacionista,etimologia y escisiones
Etimologia
La palabra situacionista se refiere a la construccion de situaciones o a miembros del colectivo situacionista, se refiere a la construccion de situaciones como manera de expresion artistica, Deb9rd lo define como un momento de la vida construdio por el colectivo que ayuda y permite jugar con la situacion creando nuevas situaciones y escenas.
La construccion de situaciones es su idea principal para desarrollar las acciones que quieren, y asi desarollar y transformar otras apasionantes cualidades.
Hacer analizar a la gente de a pie su vida diaria, de una manera critica y transformando sus ambiciones hacia algo mas pasional, reconociendo los deseos de su propia vida.
Consideran sus ideas opositoras a cualquier iodeologia. En La sociedad del espectaculo, Debord analiza la ideologia como una idea abstracta universal que ilusiona a las masas y que legitima a las sociedades modernas para desarrollarse tal y como lo hacen.
Excisiones
La seccion alemana de la Internacional Situacionista fue la primera en excluirse de la Internacional Situacionista, y formaron el grupo SPUR, muchos desacuerdos llevaron a esta escision, por ejemplo durante la cuarta conferencia de la Internacional Situacionista en Diciembre de 1960 en Londres, en una discusion sobre la politica natural de la IS, la seccion alemana estuvo en desacuerdo con la vision del proletariado revolucionario.
Meses despues cuando la policia alemana persegia las acciones del grupo Debord se solidarizo con ellos diciendo que eran el unico grupo artistico existente en Alemania desde la II Guerra Mundial.
Otro grupo qe decidio buscar la escision fue la IS de Escandinavia, que mas tarde formarian la II IS , sin mucho exito. El periodista Steward Home declaro que consideraba a Debord un hombre mistico, idealista y dogmatico ademas de un lider, y escribio sobre la II IS que seria una organizacion que podria cambiar la separacion entre arte y politica en la vida cotidiana.
En ultimo grupo que decidio buscar la escision fue la Internacional situacionista seccion inglesa, la cual buscaba amistades con los grupos revolucionarios americanos como los Motherfuckers, lo cual no gustaba a la secicon francesa de la IS y a Guy Debord lider del movimiento. Por ello la seccion inglesa fue expulsada de la IS.
Despues de tal escision los componentes de la IS seccion inglesa decidieron formar el grupo King Mob, del que pasaremos a hablar en el siguiente texto redactado en ingles.
2011/12/12
Corrientes artisticas radicales de la segunda mitad del siglo XX
La Internacional Situacionista (IS) era una organización de artistas e intelectuales revolucionarios, entre cuyos principales objetivos estaba el de acabar con la sociedad de clases en tanto que sistema opresivo y el de combatir el sistema ideológico contemporáneo de la civilización occidental: la llamada dominación capitalista. La IS llegaba ideológicamente hablando a la mezcla de diferentes movimientos revolucionarios aparecidos desde el siglo XIX hasta sus días, notablemente del pensamiento marxista de Anton Pannekoek, de Rosa Luxenburg, de Georg Lukács así como del llamado Comunismo de Consejo o «Consejismo».
Esta organización, creada formalmente en la localidad italiana de Cosio d'Arroscia el 28 de julio de 1957, nace en el seno de otro movimiento contestatario de los años 1950: la Internacional Letrista, a la cual los fundadores de la IS, notablemente Guy Debord (1931–1994) le reprochaban su ineficiencia. Junto a Debord participan otros exponentes situacionistas como Gianfranco Sanguinetti, Aseger Jonhs,Raoul Vaneigem, Constant Nieuwenhuys y otros. La IS es el producto de la fusión de una serie de grupos anteriores de artistas e intelectuales, como la Internacional Letrista, el Movimiento Internacional por un Bauhaus Imaginista (MIBI), el grupo COBRA (del que formará parte Lubertus Jacobus Swaanswijk) y el Psychogeographic Comité de Londres. En 1962 se organiza una de las primeras y numerosas escisiones, por iniciativa de siete miembros disidentes (conocidos como los Seven Rebels: Nash, Fazakerley, Thorsen, De Jong, Elde's Studio, Strid y Hans Peter Zimmer) la llamada Segunda Internacional Situacionista, que sin embargo no prosperará. Comúnmente se considera a la IS una de las principales impulsoras ideológicas de los acontecimientos sociales acaecidos en Francia en mayo de 1968.
Las únicas obras pictóricas de la Internacional situacionista son las pinturas industriales de Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio y las peintures détournées de Asger Jorn.
En 1972 la Internacional Situacionista se autodisuelve, pasando algunos de sus miembros a fundar en 1974 la llamada Antinacional Situacionista, de vida efímera.
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